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By Stephen Toulmin, Richard Rieke, Allan Janik

ISBN-10: 0024211605

ISBN-13: 9780024211606

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Scientists and engi neers, for instance, often employ exact and general mathematical formulas, with the help of which they calculate the values of unknown magnitudes from the val ues of other related variables that they already know: Suppose that an engineer is designing a bridge that must be capable of car rying twenty-ton trucks. He will need to figure out what size girders of a given material are required to support the roadbed of the bridge. For this purpose, he has at his disposal certain established equations linking the dimensions of steel gir ders of various shapes to their breaking strength, or shear.

Constitution, in part by current legislation. If these facts about the individual are not disputed, the question of citizenship can be settled quickly and with confidence, even certainty. 2. A straightforward prediction calls for rather different grounds, whether it has to do with a natural phenomenon like the weather or with a human activity such as football. Forecasts of either sort need to be supported by other factual information that can be relied upon to serve as a pointer to the particular future event being forecast.

He certainly isn't much of a one for doing good by stealth! Well, I see what you mean. Maybe, he's fooled me and I've been giving him too much credit. ) Again and again, Jack has chosen to work hard at publicly visible projects and has never followed through on jobs calling for a lot of invisible hard work. G; Anyone who seeks to work only at what is rewarded is not conscientious. Jack's general appearance of hard work and conscientiousness is only a pose. w,. So, C. FIGURE 5-7 In this dialogue, some of the facts to which A draws ['S attention may have been unknown previously, but the force of the argument does not depend on this being the case.

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